Computer engineering, as the name suggests, is related to the engineering of your system hardware. It includes the designing of computer hardware and devices. It is derived from the science of computing such that it is the practical application of the computing science principles.It also includes some principles of electrical engineering. In short this engineering is based on the laws of computer science, electrical engineering, mathematics and physics.

The main subjects dealt in this engineering includes display engineering, multimedia computations, image and speech processing, networking, pattern recognition, computer perception and sensors, VLSI systems, robotics, computer architecture etc.

Display engineering deals with the display mechanisms of a system. Multimedia computing include the handling of all kinds of data like the textual data, sounds, voice or audio, still images, animated images, video and more. It involves encryption, coding and decoding etc. Image and speech processing methods are used to deal with the processing of multimedia in a secure way. Networking of computers is a vast field that takes care of all the networking operations such as assembling network units, establishing connections, configuring them, initiating communication and data transfer and so on. It also handles designing and implementation of vast distributed computing networks that includes LAN, MAN and WAN. Pattern recognition and computer sensors are used for information security. Robotics is a practical application of artificial intelligence. Very Large Scale Integrated systems are a study to design microelectronic devices. Architectures from these take care of the designing of hardware and software for optimal results.

Continuing with our computer engineering vs computer science, we are now going to move on to the science, which on the other hand is the study of methods, principles and laws for handling of information. It also lays the theories for designing and implementing them. The science subject leads to the subject of engineering.

The main subjects that come under computer science are artificial intelligence, computer architecture, software systems, numerical methods, algorithms, theory of computations, computer graphics, networking protocols, databases, operating systems, simulation and modeling, parallel computations and software engineering.

Artificial intelligence is an area that is concerned with the intelligent behavior in machines or software. Computer architecture explains the science behind the designing and construction of computer hardware and software for effective and efficient working. Software systems deal with programming languages, programming environments, operating systems, interpreters, compilers etc. Algorithms and theory of computations are used to develop programs that produce effective, efficient and optimal results and solve the computer problems. To conclude, we can say that the computer science is a subject that is mostly studied by scientists while on the other hand, computer engineering is a subject that is studied by the engineers.

Computer Engineering vs Computer Science is a really important area that requires a lot of attention to its details. So what ever attention you are after, make sure to take your time as much as possible. If for some reason you find that you personal computer is running freezing up or running slow, check out these great tips which will help you solve a very simple question: Why does my computer keep freezing up or running slow?

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Beginning in 1925, in a planned challenge to existing statutes, there have been numerous challenges to the teaching of evolution in public schools. That famous court case, known as the Scopes Monkey Trial, held in Dayton, Tennessee in 1925 challenged the state’s statute banning the teaching of evolution. John Scopes, a substitute teacher, at the request of the ACLU, taught biology from an evolutionary standpoint. The ACLU had been looking for a test case dealing with the matter and worked it out with Scopes and the school district. Scopes lost the case and was made to pay a fine, and the anti-evolution Butler Act was upheld.

Nevertheless, it is a well-accepted maxim that one may “win the battle and lose the war.” This seemed to be the final outcome of this famous case. The case was extensively covered by the media. Prosecuting on behalf of the state was well-known fundamentalist and thrice former presidential candidate, William Jennings Bryan. In defense of Scopes was well-known liberal defense attorney, Clarence Darrow. Though Darrow lost his case, in the view of most Americans the fundamentalists emerged looking rather foolish and fanatical. Time went on. Eventually science prevailed and evolution reigned in public school biology classes.

That didn’t stop the challengers. If once evolution was the challenger, now it became “creation science.” Seeing virtually all doors closed in their faces, creationists have tried a different tact. Now, they are demanding that “creation science” be taught along with evolution. There are many problems with this idea, the greatest being how science is defined.

In Michael Shemer’s insightful book, Why Darwin Matters: The Case Against Intelligent Design, the latest creationist scheme that has arisen is discussed. Intelligent design (ID) is a point of view that organisms display an “irreducible complexity” and that systems and organisms demonstrate the guiding hand of a designer. The identity of the designer is left unspecified, although, as Shermer points out, the leaders of the movement are by far representatives of the evangelical Christian community.

A liberal counterpart to the ACLU, the TMLC (Thomas More Law Center) had been searching (Remember the ACLU and the “Scopes Monkey Trial?) for a chance to try the idea of giving “equal time” to intelligent design in a court of law. Shermer reports that they found just such a case in Dover, Pennsylvania where the local school board had enacted a type of “equal time” policy. Concerned parents filed suit and a trial was held in 2005. Presiding was conservative Christian judge, John Jones, a 2002 Bush appointee. Things were looking up for the creationists, or so it seemed. Surprisingly, after much expert testimony from both sides, the judge ruled that science is a product of empirical investigation but religion cannot be investigated in the same manner. Facts uncovered in the case demonstrated that the school district in particular and the intelligent design movement in general were driven by religious motivations, not scientific evidence. As the judge pointed out, religion and science operated in different spheres and that evolution could not contradict a belief in God, since the epistemological basis of both differed so greatly. In short, the judge threw out the directive to give creation, or intelligent design equal time.

There are many, many problems with the “equal time” idea besides the well established fact that intelligent design is based on a idea that cannot be tested or observed and therefore is not truly science. As Zimmer in the Smithsonian Intimate Guide to Human Origins demonstrates, the entire notion of evolution somehow being disproved or flawed by the existence of “a missing link” coming from the naïve notion that evolution teaches that humans descended from “monkeys” is a flawed understanding. Other problems involve how such an “equal time” statute might be put in place.

Could science teachers teach creation-when most have been taught to view the origins of life from an evolutionary basis? Would they really give it a fair shot or equal time? Would the school bring in ministers to teach it? I am a minister, and I do not believe in ID. I do however accept evolution science. Many ministers I know accept the notion of natural selection. Would we find conservative Christian ministers to teach the concepts of ID? If so, wouldn’t that be mixing religion and government in the most brazen of ways? Would we have special schools to train teachers to teach ID and then have them travel and teach the “theory” of ID at public schools? Judge Jones, conservative Christian though he might be, has already stated that intelligent design is religiously motivated, agenda driven, and is not science.

It seems to me, both as an education professor and a minister that science class is about doing science. I do not want the public schools to take over the religious education of my children (well, now grandchildren, I guess). I want schools to teach science and parents and churches to teach religion. No, There should be no equal time for “creation science” in public school biology class.

Artificial Intelligence is a concept that concerned people from all around the world and from all times. Ancient Greeks and Egyptians represented in their myths and philosophy machines and artificial entities which have qualities resembling to those of humans, especially in what thinking, reasoning and intelligence are concerned.

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science concerned with the study and the design of the intelligent machines. The term of “artificial intelligence“, coined at the conference that took place at Dartmouth in 1956 comes from John McCarthy who defined it as the science of creating intelligent machine.

Along with the development of the electronic computers, back in 1940s, this domain and concept known as artificial intelligence and concerned with the creation of intelligent machines resembling to humans, more precisely, having qualities such as those of a human being, started produce intelligent machines.

The disciplines implied by the artificial intelligence are extremely various. Fields of knowledge such as Mathematics, Psychology, Philosophy, Logic, Engineering, Social Sciences, Cognitive Sciences and Computer Science are extremely important and closely interrelated are extremely important when it comes to artificial intelligence. All these fields and sciences contribute to the creation of intelligent machines that have resemblance to human beings.

The application areas of artificial intelligence are extremely various such as Robotics, Soft Computing, Learning Systems, Planning, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Logic Programming, Natural Language Processing, Image Recognition, Image Understanding, Computer Vision, Scheduling, Expert Systems and more others.

The field of artificial intelligence has recorded a rapid and spectacular evolution since 1956, researchers achieving great successes in creating intelligent machines capable of partially doing what human beings are able to do.

Obviously, researchers have encountered and still encounter several problems in simulating the human intelligence. An intelligent machine must have a number of characteristics and must correspond to some particular standards. For instance, the human being is able of solving a problem faster by using mainly intuitive judgments rather than conscious judgments.

Another aspect that researchers have considerably analyzed was the knowledge representation which refers to the knowledge about the world that intelligent machines must have in order to solve problems such as objects or categories of objects, properties of objects, relations between objects, relations such as those between causes and effects, circumstances, situations etc.

Moreover, another challenge for researchers in the field of artificial intelligence refers to the fact that intelligent machines must be able to plan the problems that need to be solved, to set a number of goals that must be achieved, to be able to make choices and predict actions, they must be able learn, to understand the human languages and to display emotions and be able to understand and predict the behavior of the others.

Artificial intelligence is an extremely challenging and vast field of knowledge which poses many questions and generates many controversies but also solves many problems that technology and industry are confronting with today and may offer many answers in the future.